Modern economic, financial, production factors of development of mechanization of the Кazakhstan agricultural sector

Abstract

This article examines the modern economic, financial, production, and institutional factors influencing the development of agricultural mechanization in Kazakhstan during the period 2014–2024. Based on statistical analysis and a survey of 369 machine operators in the Akmola region, key barriers to the renewal of the machine and tractor fleet were identified: high equipment wear, limited access to leasing and credit, high cost of imported machinery, unequal subsidy conditions, low localization, and underdeveloped service infrastructure. Special attention is given to the effectiveness of state support in 2020–2024 under the Agricultural Development Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021–2030. A comparative analysis of international experience (Belarus, India, Brazil, China, Turkey, Finland) demonstrates the effectiveness of comprehensive measures ranging from subsidies to digitalization. Practical recommendations are proposed, including expanding the list of subsidized equipment, digitalizing support procedures, and establishing machinery rental centers. The aim of the study is to develop a balanced approach to accelerating the renewal of agricultural machinery in Kazakhstan through systemic analysis, expert assessments, and the study of successful foreign practices. The findings have practical value for public authorities, agribusinesses, and investors interested in the sustainable development of the agricultural sector.